Publications
Preprint | 2025| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2011 |2010 |2007 |Patents | * equal contribution
Preprint
72. A New Moiré Platform Based on M-Point Twisting
D. Călugăru, Y. Jiang, H. Hu, H. Pi, J. Yu, M.G. Vergniory, J. Shan, C. Felser, L.M. Schoop, D.K. Efetov, K.F. Mak, B.A. Bernevig
arXiv:2411.18684.
71. 2D Theoretically Twistable Material Database
Y. Jiang, U. Petralanda, G. Skorupskii, Q. Xu, H. Pi, D. Călugăru, H. Hu, J. Xie, R.A. Mustaf, P. Höhn, V. Haase, M.G. Vergniory, M. Claassen, L. Elcoro, N. Regnault, J. Shan, K.F. Mak, D.K. Efetov, E. Morosan, D.M. Kennes, A. Rubio, L. Xian, C. Felser, L.M. Schoop, B.A. Bernevig
arXiv:2411.09741.
70. Superconducting junctions with flat bands
P.Virtanen, R.P.S. Penttilä, P. Törmä, A. Díez-Carlón, D.K. Efetov, T.T. Heikkilä
arXiv:2410.23121v1.
69. Flat band Josephson junctions with quantum metric
Z.C.F. Li, Y. Deng, S.A. Chen, D.K. Efetov, K.T. Law
arXiv:2404.09211.
68. The Thermoelectric Effect and Its Natural Heavy Fermion Explanation in Twisted Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene
D. Calugaru, H. Hu, R. Luque Merino, N. Regnault, D. K. Efetov and B. A. Bernevig
arXiv:2402.14057.
67. Evidence of heavy fermion physics in the thermoelectric transport of magic angle twisted bilayer graphene
R. Luque Merino, D. Călugăru, H. Hu, J. Díez-Mérida, A. Díez-Carlón, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, P. Seifert1, B. A. Bernevig and D. K. Efetov
arXiv:2402.11749.
66. Moiré Fractional Chern Insulators III: Hartree-Fock Phase Diagram, Magic Angle Regime for Chern Insulator States, the Role of the Moiré Potential and Goldstone Gaps in Rhombohedral Graphene Superlattices
Y. H. Kwan, J. Yu, J. Herzog-Arbeitman, D. K. Efetov, N. Regnault, B. A. Bernevig
arXiv:2312.11617.
65. Materials and devices for fundamental quantum science and quantum technologies
M. Polini, F. Giazotto, K. C. Fong, I. M. Pop, C. Schuck, T. Boccali, G. Signorelli, M. D’Elia, R. H. Hadfield, V. Giovannetti, D. Rossini, A. Tredicucci, D. K. Efetov, F. H. L. Koppens, P. Jarillo-Herrero, A. Grassellino, D. Pisignanoi
Nature Reviews Materials - in press (arXiv:2201.09260v1)(2023).
2025
64. High-yield fabrication of bubble-free magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene devices with high twist-angle homogeneity
J. Diez-Merida, I. Das, G. Di Battista, A. Diez-Carlon, M. Lee, L. Zeng, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, E. Olsson, D. K. Efetov
Newton - in press (2025)(arXiv:2405.11323).
2024
63. Infrared single-photon detection with superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
G. Di Battista, K.C. Fong, A. Diez-Carlon, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, D. K. Efetov
Science Advances 10, 38 (2024).
62. Chirality probe of twisted bilayer graphene in the linear transport regime
D. A. Bahamon, G. Gómez-Santos, D. K. Efetov, T. Stauber
Nano Letters, 24, 15, 4478 (2024).
61. Moiré Fractional Chern Insulators II: First-principles Calculations and Continuum Models of Rhombohedral Graphene Superlattices
J. Herzog-Arbeitman, Y. Wang, J. Liu, P. M. Tam, Z. Qi, Y. Jia, D. K. Efetov, O. Vafek, N. Regnault, H. Weng, Q. Wu, B. A. Bernevig and J. Yu
Physical Review B, 109, 205122 (2024).
60. Twisted bilayer graphene’s gallery of phases
B. A. Bernevig and D.K. Efetov
Physics Today, 77 (4), 38 (2024).
59. Ultrafast Umklapp-assisted electron-phonon cooling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
J. D. Mehew, R. Luque Merino, H. Ishizuka, A. Block, J. Díez-Mérida, A. Díez-Carlón, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, L. S. Levitov, D. K. Efetov, K.-J. Tielrooij
Science Advances, 10, 6 (2024).
2023
58. Energy dissipation on magic angle twisted bilayer graphene
A. Ollier, M. Kisiel, M. Poggio, U. Gysin, X. Lu, D.K. Efetov, E. Meyer
Communications Physics, 6, 344 (2023).
57. Realizing attosecond core-level X-ray spectroscopy for the investigation of condensed matter systems
A. M. Summers, S. Severino, M. Reduzzi, T. P. H. Sidiropoulos, D. Rivas, N. Di Palo, H.-W. Sun, Y.-H. Chien, I. León, B. Buades, S. Cousin, S.M. Teichmann, T. Mey, K. Mann, B. Keitel, E. Plönjes-Palm, D. K. Efetov, H. Schwörer, J. Biegert
Ultrafast Science, 3, 004 (2023).
56. Plethora of many body ground states in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene
S. Y. Yang, A. Díez-Carlón, J. Díez-Mérida, A. Jaoui, I. Das, G. Di Battista, R. Luque-Merino, R. Mech and D. K. Efetov
Low Temperature Physics/Fizyka Nyzkykh Temperatur, 49, 6 (2023).
55. φ0-Josephson junction in twisted bilayer graphene induced by a valley-polarized state
Y.-M. Xie, D. K. Efetov and K. T. Law
Physical Review Research, 5, 023029 (2023).
54. Symmetry Broken Josephson Junctions and Superconducting Diodes in Magic Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene
J. Díez-Mérida, A. Díez-Carlón, S. Y. Yang, Y.-M. Xie, X.-J. Gao, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, X. Lu, K. T. Law and D. K. Efetov
Nature Communications, 14, 2396 (2023).
53. Two-dimensional cuprate nanodetector with single photon sensitivity at T = 20 K
R. Luque-Merino, P. Seifert, J. Duran Retamal, R. Mech, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. Kadowaki, R. H. Hadfield, D. K. Efetov
2D Materials, 10, 2 (2023).
News : Nature Nanotechnology News & Views;
52. Dirac spectroscopy and strongly correlated phases in twisted trilayer graphene
C. Shen, P. J. Ledwith, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, E. Khalaf, A. Vishwanath and D. K. Efetov
Nature Materials, 22, 336 (2023).
News : Nature Materials News & Views;
2022
51. Infrared photoresistance as a sensitive probe of electronic transport in twisted bilayer graphene
S. Hubmann, G. Di Battista, I. A. Dmitriev, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, D. K. Efetov, S. D. Ganichev
2D Materials, 10, 1 (2022).
50. Revealing the thermal properties of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
G. Di Battista, P. Seifert, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. C. Fong, A. Principi and D. K. Efetov
Nano Letters, 22, 6465(2022).
49. Reentrant correlated insulators in twisted bilayer graphene at 25T (2π flux)
J. Herzog-Arbeitman, A. Chew, D. K. Efetov and B. A. Bernevig
Physical Review Letters, 129, 076401 (2022).
48. Imaging Chern mosaic and Berry-curvature magnetism in magic angle graphene
S. Grover, M. Bocarsly, A. Uri, P. Stepanov, G. Di Battista, I. Roy, J. Xiao, A. Y. Meltzer, Y. Myasoedov, K. Pareek, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B. Yan, A. Stern, E. Berg, D. K. Efetov and E. Zeldov
Nature Physics, 18, 885 (2022).
News : Phys.org;
47. Observation of re-entrant correlated insulators and interaction driven Fermi surface reconstructions at one magnetic flux quantum per moiré unit cell in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
I. Das, C. Shen, A. Jaoui, J. Herzog-Arbeitman, A. Chew, C.-W. Cho, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, B. Piot, B. A. Bernevig and D. K. Efetov
Physical Review Letters, 128, 217701 (2022).
46. Quantum-critical behavior in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
A. Jaoui, I. Das, G. Di Battista, J. Díez-Mérida, X. Lu, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, H. Ishizuka, L. Levitov and D. K. Efetov
Nature Physics, 18, 633 (2022).
News : Nature Physics News & Views; Journal Club of Condensed Matter Physics;
45. Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle
S. Hubmann, P. Soul, G. Di Battista, M. Hild, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, D. K. Efetov and S. D. Ganichev
Physical Review Materials, 6, 024003 (2022).
2021
44. Competing zero-field Chern insulators in superconducting twisted bilayer graphene
P. Stepanov, M. Xie, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, X. Lu, A. H. MacDonald, B. A. Bernevig and D. K. Efetov
Physical Review Letters, 127, 197701 (2021).
43. Observation of interband collective excitations in twisted bilayer graphene
N. C. H. Hesp, I. Torre, D. Rodan-Legrain, P. Novelli, Y. Cao, S. Carr, S. Fang, P. Stepanov, D. Barcons-Ruiz, H. Herzig-Sheinfux, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, D. K. Efetov, E. Kaxiras, P. Jarillo-Herrero, M. Polini, F. H. L. Koppens
Nature Physics, 17, 1162–1168 (2021).
42. Multiple flat bands and topological Hofstadter butterfly in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle
X. Lu*, B. Lian*, G. Chaudhary*, B. A. Piot, G. Romagnoli, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Poggio, A. H. MacDonald, B. A. Bernevig and D. K. Efetov
PNAS, 118, 30 (2021).
41. Ultra-sensitive calorimetric measurements of the electronic heat capacity of graphene
M. A. Aamir*, J. N. Moore*, X. Lu, P. Seifert, D. Englund, K. C. Fong and D. K. Efetov
Nano Letters, 21, 12, 5330 (2021).
40. A high-Tc van der Waals superconductor based photodetector with ultra-high responsivity and nanosecond relaxation time
P. Seifert*, J. R. Durán Retamal*, R. Luque, H. Herzig Sheinfux, J. N. Moore, M. A. Aamir, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, K. Kadowaki, M. Artiglia, M. Romagnoli and D. K. Efetov
2D Materials, 8, 035053 (2021).
39. Twisted bilayer graphene. IV. Exact insulator ground states and phase diagram
B. Lian, Z.-D. Song, N. Regnault, D. K. Efetov, A. Yazdani, B. A. Bernevig
Physical Review B, 103, 205414 (2021).
38. Josephson junction infrared single-photon detector
E. D. Walsh, W. Jung, G.-H. Lee, D. K. Efetov, B.-I. Wu, K.-F. Huang, T. A. Ohki, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, P. Kim, D. Englund and K. C. Fong
Science, 372, 6540 (2021).
News : PhysOrg;
37. Symmetry-broken Chern insulators and Rashba-like Landau-level crossings in magic-angle bilayer graphene
I. Das*, X. Lu*, J. Herzog-Arbeitman, Z.-D. Song, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B. A. Bernevig and D. K. Efetov
Nature Physics , 17, 710 (2021).
News : PhysOrg;
36. The marvels of moiré materials
E. Y. Andrei, D. K. Efetov, P. Jarillo-Herrero, A. H. MacDonald, K. F. Mak, T. Senthil, E. Tutuc, A. Yazdani and A. F. Young
Nature Reviews Materials, 6, 201 (2021) – (Invited Viewpoint Article).
Editorial: Moiré magic three years on – Nature Reviews Materials, 6, 191 (2021);
35. Effektvolle Drehung
D. K. Efetov
Physik Journal, 03, 28 (2021) – (Invited Overview – main journal German Research Foundation).
Cover: Physik Journal;
34. Measuring local moiré lattice heterogeneity of twisted bilayer graphene
T. Benschop, T. de Jong, P. Stepanov, X. Lu, V. Stalman, S. J. van der Molen, D. K. Efetov and M. Allan
Physical Review Research , 3, 013153 (2021).
33. Giant enhancement of third-harmonic generation in graphene–metal heterostructures
I. Alonso Calafell, L. Rozema, D. Alcaraz Iranzo , A. Trenti , J. Cox , A. Kumar , H. Bieliaiev , S. Nanot , C. Peng , D. K. Efetov, J. Y. Hong , J. Kong , D. Englund , F. J. García de Abajo, F. H. L. Koppens and P. Walther
Nature Nanotechnology , 16, 318 (2021).
News : EurekaAlert; ProPhysik;
32. Observation of flat bands in twisted bilayer graphene
S. Lisi, X. Lu, T. Benschop, T. de Jong, P. Stepanov, J. R. Duran, F. Margot, I. Cucchi, E. Cappelli, A. Hunter, A. Tamai, V. Kandyba, A. Giampietri, A. Barinov, J. Jobst, V. Stalman, M. Leeuwenhoek, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, L. Rademaker, S. J. van der Molen, M. Allan, D. K. Efetov and F. Baumberger
Nature Physics , 17, 189 (2021).
News : PhysOrg;
2020
31. Nuevos estados en el grafeno «mágico»
D. K. Efetov
Investigación y Ciencia (Scientific American Spain) (2020) – (Invited Panorama Article).
30. Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer
G.-H. Lee, D. K. Efetov, L. Ranzani, E. Walsh, J. Crossno, T. A. Ohki, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, Kim, D. Englund and K. C. Fong
Nature 586, 42–46 (2020).
News : PhysOrg; NanoWerk;
29. Terahertz photogalvanics in twisted bilayer graphene close to the second magic angle
M. Otteneder, S. Hubmann, X. Lu, D. A. Kozlov, L. E. Golub, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, D. K. Efetov and S. D. Ganichev
Nano Letters 20, 10, 7152–7158 (2020).
28. Untying the insulating and superconducting orders in magic-angle graphene
P. Stepanov, I. Das, X. Lu, A. Fahimniya, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, F. H. L. Koppens, J. Lischner, L. Levitov and D. K. Efetov
Nature, 583, 375–378 (2020).
News : Nature : News and Views;
27. High-order minibands and interband Landau level reconstruction in graphene moiré superlattice
X. Lu, J. Tang, J. R. Wallbank, S. Wang, C. Shen, S. Wu, P. Chen, W. Yang, J. Zhang, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R. Yang, D. Shi, D. K. Efetov, V. I. Fal’ko and G. Zhang
Physical Review B, 102, 045409 (2020).
26. Superconductivity and strong correlations in moiré flat bands
L. Balents, C. R. Dean, D. K. Efetov and A. F. Young
Nature Physics, 16, 725 (2020) – (Focus/Perspective – Invited Review Article).
News : Nature Physics – Focus Session on Emergent Superconductivity;
Journal Club for Condensed Matter Physics : by Senthil Todadri;
25. Magic-angle bilayer graphene nanocalorimeters: toward broadband, energy-resolving single photon detection
P. Seifert, X. Lu, P. Stepanov, J. R. Durán Retamal, J. N. Moore, K.C. Fong, A. Principi and D. K. Efetov
Nano Letters, 5, 20, 3459 (2020).
24. Critical role of device geometry for the phase diagram of twisted bilayer graphene
Z. A. H. Goodwin, V. Vitale, F. Corsetti, D. K. Efetov, A. A. Mostofi, J. Lischner
Physical Review B , 101, 165110 (2020).
23. Nanoscale imaging and control of hBN defect single photon emitters by a resonant nano-antenna
N. Palombo Blascetta, M. Liebel, X. Lu, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, D. K. Efetov and N. F. van Hulst
Nano Letters, 3, 20 (2020).
2019
22. Superconductors, orbital magnets, and correlated states in magic angle bilayer graphene
X. Lu, P. Stepanov, W. Yang, M. Xie, A. M. Ali, I. Das, C. Urgell, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G. Zhang, A. Bachtold, A. MacDonald and D. K. Efetov
Nature, 574, 653 (2019).
News : The New York Times; Le Monde; La Vanguardia; Physics Today;
Journal Club for Condensed Matter Physics : by Mike Zaletel;
21. Thermal radiation control from hot graphene electrons coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity
R.-J. Shiue, Y. Gao, C. Tan, C. Peng, J. Zheng, D. K. Efetov, Y. D. Kim, J. Hone, D. Englund
Nature Communications, 10, 109 (2019).
2018
20. Compact mid-infrared graphene thermopile enabled by a nanopatterning technique of electrolyte gates
C. Peng, S. Nanot, R.J. Shiue, G. Grosso, Y. Yang, M. Hempel, P. Jarillo-Herrero, J. Kong, F. H. L. Koppens, D.K. Efetov and D. Englund
New Journal of Physics, 20, 083050 (2018).
19. Fast thermal relaxation in cavity-coupled graphene bolometers with a Johnson noise read-out
D. K. Efetov, R.-J. Shiue, Y. Gao, B. Skinner, E. Walsh, C. Choi, J. Zheng, C. Tan, G. Grosso, C. Peng, J. Hone, K. C. Fong and D. Englund
Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 797–801 (2018).
News : MIT News
18. Probing the ultimate confinement limits of screened graphene plasmons by far-field excitation
D. Alcaraz Iranzo, S. Nanot, E. Dias, I. Epstein, C. Peng, D. K. Efetov, M. B. Lundeberg, R. Parret, J. Osmond, J.-Y.Hong, J. Kong, D. Englund, N. M. R. Peres and F. H.L. Koppens
Science, 360, 291–295 (2018).
News : Nature Nanotechnology : News and Views
17. Ultrafast graphene light emitter
Y. D. Kim, Y. Gao, R.-J. Shiue, L. Wang, O. B. Aslan, M.- H. Bae, H. Kim, D. Seo, H.- J. Choi, S. H. Kim, A. Nemilentsau, T. Low, C. Tan, D. K. Efetov, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. L. Shepard, T. F. Heinz, D. Englund and J. Hone
Nano Letters, 18, 934–940 (2018).
16. Controlled electrochemical intercalation of graphene/hBN van der Waals heterostructures
S. Y. F. Zhao, G. A. Elbaz, D. K. Bediako, C. Yu, D. K. Efetov, Y. Guo, J. Ravichandran, K.-A. Min, S. Hong, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, L.E. Brus, X. Roy and P. Kim
Nano Letters, 18, 460–466 (2018).
2017
15. A MoTe2 based light emitting diode and photodetector for silicon photonic integrated circuits
Y. Bie, G. Grosso, M. Heuck, M. M. Furchi, Y. Cao, J. Zheng, E. Navarro-Moratalla, L. Zhou, D. K. Efetov, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, J. Kong, D. Englund, P. Jarillo-Herrero
Nature Nanotechnology, 12, 1124–1129 (2017).
News : Nature Nanotechnology : News and Views; MIT News
14. Graphene-based Josephson junction single photon detector
E. D. Walsh, D. K. Efetov, G.-H. Lee, M. Heuck, J. Crossno, T. A. Ohki, P. Kim, D. Englund and K. C. Fong
Physical Review Applied , 8, 024022 (2017) – (Editors suggestion).
News : APS Physics Synopsis
13. Inducing superconducting correlation in quantum Hall edge states
G.H. Lee, K. F. Huang, D. K. Efetov, D. S. Wei, S. Hart, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. Yacoby, and P. Kim
Nature Physics, 13, 693–698 (2017).
News : Nature Physics : News and Views
12. Tunable and high purity room-temperature single photon emission from atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride
G. Grosso, H. Moon, B. Lienhard, S. Ali, D. K. Efetov, M. M. Furchi, P. Jarillo-Herrero, M. J. Ford, I. Aharonovich, and D. Englund
Nature Communications, 8, 705 (2017).
11. Active 2D materials for on-chip nanophotonics and quantum optics
R.-J. Shiue, D. K. Efetov, G. Grosso, C. Peng, K. C. Fong and D. Englund
Nanophotonics, 2016-0172 (2017) – (Invited Review Article).
2016
10. Ambipolar transport and magneto-resistance crossover in a Mott insulator, Sr2IrO4
J. Ravichandran, C. R. Serrao, D. K. Efetov, D. Yi, Y. S. Oh, S.-W. Cheong, R. Ramesh, and P. Kim
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 28, 505304 (2016).
9. Crossover from retro to specular Andreev reflections in bilayer graphene
D. K. Efetov, K. B. Efetov
Physical Review B, 94 (7), 075403 (2016).
8. Li intercalation into graphite: direct optical imaging and Cahn-Hilliard reaction dynamics
Y. Guo, R. B. Smith, Z. Yu, D. K. Efetov, J. Wang, P. Kim, M. Z. Bazant, and L. E. Brus
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 7 (11), 2151–2156 (2016).
7. Specular interband Andreev reflections at van der Waals interfaces between graphene and NbSe2
D. K. Efetov, L. Wang, C. Handschin, K. B. Efetov, J. Shuang, R. Cava, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, J. Hone, C. R. Dean, and P. Kim
Nature Physics, 12, 328–332 (2016).
2015
6. High-responsivity graphene–boron nitride photodetector and autocorrelator in a silicon photonic integrated circuit
R. J. Shiue, Y. Gao, Y. Wang, C. Peng, A. D. Robertson, D. K. Efetov, S. Assefa, F. H. L. Koppens, J. Hone, and D. Englund
Nano letters, 15 (11), 7288–7293 (2015).
2011
5. Multiband transport in bilayer graphene at high carrier densities
D. K. Efetov, P. Maher, S. Glinskis, and P. Kim
Physical Review B, 84 (16), 161412 (2011) – (Editor’s suggestion).
4. Nanocrystalline graphite growth on sapphire by carbon molecular beam epitaxy
S. K. Jerng, D. S. Yu, Y. S. Kim, J. Ryou, S. Suklyun, C. Kim, S. Yoon, D. K. Efetov, P. Kim, and SH. Chun
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115 (11), 4491–4494 (2011).
2010
3. Controlling electron-phonon interactions in graphene at ultrahigh carrier densities
D. K. Efetov, and P. Kim
Physical Review Letters, 105 (25), 256805 (2010) – (Editor’s suggestion).
News : APS Physics Viewpoint
2007
2. Electronic transport in locally gated graphene nanoconstrictions
B. Özyilmaz, P. Jarillo-Herrero, D. K. Efetov, and P. Kim
Applied Physics Letters, 91 (19), 192107 (2007).
1. Electronic transport and quantum hall effect in bipolar graphene p-n-p junctions
B. Özyilmaz, P. Jarillo-Herrero, D. K. Efetov, D. Abanin, L. S. Levitov, and P. Kim
Physical Review Letters, 99 (16), 166804 (2007) – (Editor’s suggestion).
Patents
3. Magic-angle bilayer graphene nano-calorimeters for broadband energy resolved single photon detection
P. Seifert, J. Duran, X. Lu, P. Stepanov and D. K. Efetov
submitted (2019).
2. High temperature superconducting nanowire single photon detector
J. Duran, P. Seifert, X. Lu, A. Ali and D. K. Efetov
submitted (2019).
1. Locally gated graphene nanostructures and methods of making and using
B. Özyilmaz, D. K. Efetov, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and P. Kim
US Patent, 8,659,009 (2014).